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Tibet Vernacular Paper
The Tibet Vernacular Paper (, ),〔Fabienne Jagou, ''Les traductions tibétaines des discours politiques chinois de Sun Yat-sen sur les « Trois principes du peuple » en tant qu’exemples de traductions modernes d’un texte politique'' in ''Édition, Éditions: L'écrit Au Tibet, Évolution et Devenir'' Volume 3 de Collectanea Himalayica, Anne Chayet, Éditeur Indus, 2010, ISBN 9783940659026, p. 169〕 also translated in The Tibetan Vernacular Paper is the first newspaper to have been established in Tibet. Written in both Tibetan () and vernacular Chinese (Baihua ), it was founded in April 1909 by amban Lian Yu, and his deputy Zhang Yintang, in the final years of the Qing Dynasty. It was lithographically printed and its print-run was fewer than 100 copies a day.〔(Protection and Development of Tibetan Culture ) (White Paper), ''China Daily'', 25-09-2008, p. 7: ''Old Tibet had only one lithographically printed newspaper in the Tibetan language in the last years of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), titled The Tibet Vernacular Newspaper, and its print-run was fewer than 100 copies a day''.〕〔Thubten Samphel, ''Virtual Tibet: The Media'', ''in'' (''Exile as challenge: the Tibetan diaspora'' ) (Dagmar Bernstorff, Hubertus von Welck eds.), Orient Blackswan, 2003, 488 pages, especially pp. 171-172 ISBN 978-81-250-2555-9: ''Tibet's first newspaper, Vernacular Paper, was started by the Manchu amban, Lian Yu, ad his deputy, Zhang Yintong in April 1909. The newspaper was bilingual, in Tibetan and Chinese''.〕 It was disestablished in 1911.〔
The intention of the newspaper aimed education,〔Amy Holmes-Tagchungdarpa, ''Representations of Religion in The Tibet Mirror'' in (History and Material Culture in Asian Religions: Text, Image, Object ), eds. Benjamin Fleming, Richard Mann, p. 77.〕 but also propaganda.〔〔Françoise Robin, Le vers libre au Tibet : une forme littéraire de l'intime au service d'un projet collectif, dans ''D'un Orient l'autre'', actes des 3es journées de l'Orient, Bordeaux, 2-4 octobre 2002 (sous la direction de Jean-Louis Bacqué-Grammont, A. Pino, S. Khoury), Peeters Publishers, 2005, 606 p., pp. 573-601, en part. p. 583, note 31 : "un journal de propagande publié à Lhas()a par les autorités mandchoues à la fin de 1909 (Dhondup 1976: 33)".〕
== Announcing the arrival of Zhao Erfeng army ==
Tibetan historian K. Dhondup wrote that one of the first issue of the newspaper was published while the 13th Dalai Lama came back to Lhasa after his first exile, just before his second exile. The paper announced in August 1909 the arrival of Zhao Erfeng army: "Don't be afraid of Amban Chao and his soldiers. They are not intended to do harm to Tibetans, but to other people. If you consider, you will remember how you felt ashamed when the foreign soldiers arrived in Lhasa and oppressed you with much tyranny. We must all be strengthen ourselves on this account, otherwise our religion will be destroyed in 100 or perhaps 1,000 years."〔Elliot Sperling, (“The Chinese Venture into K'am, 1904–11 and the Role of Chao Erhfeng” ), in The History of Tibet: The modern period:1895-1959, the encounter with modernity, ed Alex McKay〕 On the 3rd January 1910, the Chinese army entered in Lhasa, shooting at random in the city, resulting in a number of wounded and killed policemen and people.〔K. Dhondup, ''The water-bird and other years: a history of the Thirteenth Dalai Lama and after'', 1986, Rangwang Publishers, p. 33 "But his stay in Lhasa was to be short. A second exile was in front of him. As a prelude to this, there appeared in Lhasa for the first time a newspaper published by the Chinese in Tibetan. One of the issues said: () On 3rd January 1910, the advance unit of the Chinese army reached the banks of Kyichu river where the Manchu Amban waiting for them. That very afternoon they burst into Lhasa. They randomly fired in the city, wounding and killing a number of policemen and people"〕
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